{"id":255,"date":"2023-04-21T12:56:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T11:56:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cristian-perez.com\/?p=255"},"modified":"2023-04-21T12:56:09","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T11:56:09","slug":"los-firewalls-en-entornos-industriales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cristian-perez.com\/en\/los-firewalls-en-entornos-industriales\/","title":{"rendered":"Firewalls in industrial environments."},"content":{"rendered":"
Hasta ahora hemos estudiado los \u201cendpoints\u201d m\u00e1s t\u00edpicos en los entornos industriales tales como robots, HMI, PLC\u2019s, etc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Subiendo a la siguiente capa, empezamos a securizar y segmentar las distintas redes. A continuaci\u00f3n, una imagen con las distintas capas o niveles:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
En este esquema se puede apreciar que entre la zona industrial u OT y la zona empresarial donde estar\u00e1 la parte y los servicios IT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Como hemos visto en el post \u201cRedes DMZ\u201d, los firewalls sirven para poder segmentar y securizar ambos ambientes, el IT y OT. Impidiendo que haya un acceso directo de una red a otra, mitigando y reduciendo los posibles vectores de ataque.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
De esta manera y gracias a un sistema de doble firewall, ambas redes operan juntas en la zona DMZ, donde se encontrar\u00e1n los diferentes servicios tipo; servidores web, servidores mail, routers, servicios de terminal, central de logs, etc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Incluso se podr\u00eda hablar de un tercer firewall, entre la capa 1 y 2, que es donde se produce la comunicaci\u00f3n entre los sistemas de control\/supervisi\u00f3n, por ejemplo, tipo SCADA. Ya para una mayor securizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Un firewall de tipo industrial, suele tener unas caracter\u00edsticas claves:<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Se ha dise\u00f1ado espec\u00edficamente para este tipo de entornos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
El despliegue e instalaci\u00f3n no es ni intrusivo ni invasivo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
La configuraci\u00f3n y reglas son f\u00e1ciles de implementar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Tienen caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas para entornos OT, que incrementan la seguridad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Los firewalls m\u00e1s usados son de tipo DPI (Deep Packet Inspection), que permiten filtrar por tipos o protocolos de archivos espec\u00edficos de las clases SOAP o XML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Esto quiere decir que permite inspeccionar las tramas de protocolo entre dos equipos industriales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al poder definir reglas de segmentaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficas por protocolo industrial (Modbus, Profinet, OPC, Ethernet\/IP, DNP3) este tr\u00e1fico no estar\u00eda permitido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tiene capacidades de segmentaci\u00f3n que no sea conforme al \u201cstandard\u201d del protocolo industrial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Permite definir reglas de segmentaci\u00f3n por \u201cFunction Codes\u201d espec\u00edficas de protocolos como Modbus o Ethernet IP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conclusi\u00f3n:<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
En cada capa de la segmentaci\u00f3n de la red, no podemos relajarnos en la implementaci\u00f3n de la securizaci\u00f3n de cada entorno o capa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Entendiendo que cada una de ellas, es igual de importante que las dem\u00e1s. Y como se suele decir, la cadena en tan fuerte y resistente como lo sea su eslab\u00f3n m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil. No podemos, ni debemos de perder el foco en la importancia de los peque\u00f1os detalles y no hacer las cosas a base de plantillas y otro trabajo pre-hecho.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Where and how firewalls are applied in industrial environments, and their capabilities.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[24,89,90,77,87,58],"class_list":["post-255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulo","tag-ciberseguridad","tag-firewall","tag-hmi","tag-iiot","tag-plc","tag-scada"],"yoast_head":"\n
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