{"id":244,"date":"2023-04-11T09:41:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T08:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cristian-perez.com\/?p=244"},"modified":"2023-04-11T09:41:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T08:41:12","slug":"robotica-e-industria-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cristian-perez.com\/en\/robotica-e-industria-4-0\/","title":{"rendered":"Robotics and industry 4.0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si antes ya hablamos de los microcontroladores (PLC) y HMI, el summun de estos ser\u00eda, casi sin duda, la rob\u00f3tica. Cuando en muchos casos ya sustituyen al trabajo humano debido a su eficacia y rapidez en la resoluci\u00f3n de tareas repetitivas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mayoritariamente toda la industria pesada de tipo cadenas de montaje, se componen principalmente de brazos y\/o sistemas rob\u00f3ticos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s otra de las grandes ventajas, es que la rob\u00f3tica en los nuevos entornos industriales destacan por su hiperconectividad con otros componentes OT, con lo que supone un aumento, casi exponencial, en la complejidad de las redes. Pero por contrapartida una mejora de la velocidad y precisi\u00f3n de los datos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como se puede apreciar, la robotizaci\u00f3n supone una gran mejora en los procesos industriales, y a\u00fan falta por incorporar en su m\u00e1ximo esplendor la tecnolog\u00eda de las IA\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Todo este crecimiento tambi\u00e9n viene acompa\u00f1ado por un crecimiento de las vulnerabilidades y como hemos visto en otros post, en los entornos industriales, son especialmente cr\u00edticos.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Cybersecurity in Robotics: Challenges, Quantitative Modeling, and Practice – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Los principales retos a combatir desde el punto de la ciberseguridad son:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Obsolescencia programada. Ya que si no reciben las correspondientes actualizaciones, se convierten en posibles vectores de ataque.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. La instauraci\u00f3n de software para la securizaci\u00f3n de estos sistemas. El RIS (Robot Immunologic System), es un tipo de software para prevenir, detener e informar sobre las posibles amenazas que afectan al robot. El RIS proporciona las siguientes capacidades:\n
      \n
    1. Firewall<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Encriptaci\u00f3n de datos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n de intrusos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Prevenci\u00f3n ante la p\u00e9rdida de datos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Interoperabilidad entre redes. La uni\u00f3n de redes IT y OT, por la uni\u00f3n de distintos tipos de comunicaciones, cantidad de fabricantes, etc\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Software ROS-Robot Operating System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      ROS (Robot Operating System) es un framework de software flexible y de c\u00f3digo abierto que se utiliza para desarrollar software para robots. Proporciona las herramientas, bibliotecas y convenciones necesarias para simplificar la tarea de crear aplicaciones rob\u00f3ticas complejas y robustas.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"
      https:\/\/www.ros.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      El objetivo principal de ROS es facilitar la colaboraci\u00f3n y el intercambio de c\u00f3digo entre los desarrolladores de robots. Para lograr esto, ROS utiliza un enfoque basado en nodos, donde cada nodo representa un proceso independiente que realiza una funci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica. Los nodos se comunican entre s\u00ed utilizando mensajes estandarizados a trav\u00e9s de un sistema de publicaci\u00f3n y suscripci\u00f3n, lo que permite una f\u00e1cil integraci\u00f3n de diferentes componentes de software.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Algunas caracter\u00edsticas clave de ROS incluyen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Soporte para m\u00faltiples lenguajes de programaci\u00f3n, como Python, C++ y Lisp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Herramientas para visualizar y depurar aplicaciones rob\u00f3ticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Bibliotecas de algoritmos para tareas comunes de rob\u00f3tica, como planificaci\u00f3n de movimientos, navegaci\u00f3n, percepci\u00f3n y control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Integraci\u00f3n con sistemas de simulaci\u00f3n como Gazebo, lo que permite a los desarrolladores probar sus algoritmos en entornos virtuales antes de implementarlos en robots reales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Como se puede ver, ROS es un marco de trabajo que facilita el desarrollo y la integraci\u00f3n de software para robots, proporcionando un ecosistema de herramientas y bibliotecas para ayudar a los desarrolladores a crear aplicaciones rob\u00f3ticas de manera m\u00e1s eficiente y efectiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Vectores espec\u00edficos y posibles m\u00e9todos de defensa.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Alteraci\u00f3n de los par\u00e1metros del robot.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Un tipo de ataque por el cual, a trav\u00e9s de FTP, un adversario cambia la configuraci\u00f3n de funcionamiento del robot.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"
      Cybersecurity in Robotics: Challenges, Quantitative Modeling, and Practice – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      La implementaci\u00f3n de medidas como el uso de protocolos HTTPS o FTPS, reducen en gran medida estos posibles vectores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Alteraci\u00f3n de estado del robot.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      En este caso, se altera el estado de la se\u00f1al, tanto la recibida y\/o la emitida, a trav\u00e9s de malware. De esta manera el operario no sabe cual es la se\u00f1al correcta que tiene el robot. Un tipo de ataque usado com\u00fanmente para realizar paradas en la cadena de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"
      Cybersecurity in Robotics: Challenges, Quantitative Modeling, and Practice – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Para mitigar este tipo ataques, el mencionado RIS, podr\u00eda detectar el mencionado malware y su eliminaci\u00f3n. Adicionalmente ser\u00eda muy conveniente, usar un double check<\/em> para comprobar el estado de los robots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      En conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Los est\u00e1ndares de robots industriales deben considerar las amenazas de la misma forma que los est\u00e1ndares de los SCI. Es necesario hacer un an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de los riesgos a los que se expone el proceso industrial con la inclusi\u00f3n de robots en sus procesos para poder determinar y aplicar estrategias de defensa ante posibles ciberataques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Adem\u00e1s, los fabricantes y proveedores han de entender la importancia de larga vida \u00fatil de los sistemas, y dejar de lado la obsolescencia programada y ayudar la empresas con un soporte largo en el tiempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Fuente para el art\u00edculo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zhu, Quanyan & Rass, Stefan & Dieber, Bernhard & Vilches, Victor. (2021). Cybersecurity in Robotics: Challenges, Quantitative Modeling, and Practice.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      How robotics interacts with industry 4.0 and security.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[24,77,88],"class_list":["post-244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulo","category-opinion","tag-ciberseguridad","tag-iiot","tag-robotica"],"yoast_head":"\nRob\u00f3tica e industria 4.0 - Cristian Perez<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La relaci\u00f3n de la rob\u00f3tica y seguridad en la industria 4.0, posibles vectores y mitigamientos en los entornos IIOT.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cristian-perez.com\/en\/robotica-e-industria-4-0\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rob\u00f3tica e industria 4.0 - 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